The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility And Financial Distress by Emphasizing the role of political connections

Document Type : RESEARCH PAPER

Authors

ferdowsi university of mashhad

Abstract

Abstract
This study investigate relationship between social responsibility and financial helplessness with the moderating role of political communication. This study is a type of applied and post-event study. To measure the social responsibility of companies were use of Meran Jouri and colleagues (2014) scale. Also, in order to measure financial distress used of the localized standard scale of Kurdistan and Tatli (2014). The statistical population is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2015-2019, that examined data of 103 companies. To analyze the research hypotheses, the pattern of regression of fixed effects was used. The research findings indicated a negative and significant relationship between social responsibility and financial distress of companies. This means that as the level of social responsibility increases, the likelihood of companies financial distress decreases. Other results showed that political communication largely moderated the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial distress. This means that the need to disclose social responsibilities in order to legitimize activities decreases as a result of state-owned relationships.

Keywords


Al‐Hadi, A., Chatterjee, B., Yaftian, A., Taylor, G., & Monzur Hasan, M. (2019). Corporate social responsibility performance, financial distress and firm life cycle: evidence from Australia. Accounting & Finance, 59(2), 961-989.
Beaver, W. H. (1966). Financial ratios as predictors of failure. Journal of Accounting Research, 71-111.
Cull, R., & Xu, L. C. (2005). Institutions, ownership, and finance: the determinants of profit reinvestment among Chinese firms. Journal of Financial Economics, 77(1), 117-146.
Dam, L., & Scholtens, B. (2012). Does ownership type matter for corporate social responsibility?. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 20(3), 233-252.
Dang, V. Q., So, E. P., & Yan, I. K. (2018). The value of political connection: Evidence from the 2011 Egyptian revolution. International Review of Economics & Finance, 56, 238-257.
Dastgir, M.,‏‏ Miraki, F., & Kazemi Noori, S. (2014). The impact of top executives overconfidence on financial distress. Journal of Iranian Accounting Review, 1(2), 37-51. [in Persian]
Deegan, C. (2010). Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, Northe Ryde NSW.
Dianati Dalami, Z., & Khodakarami, E. (2017). The impact of environmental news on stock prices of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of Investment Knowledge, 6(23), 189-212. [in Persian] 
Ebrahimi, K, Bahrami Nasab, A., & Ishaq K. (2018). political communication, audit quality, financial crisis, agency expenses. Auditing Knowledge, 73, 79-102. [in Persian]
Elamer, A. A., Ntim, C. G., & Abdou, H. A. (2020). Islamic governance, national governance, and bank risk management and disclosure in MENA countries. Business & Society, 59(5), 914-955.
Faccio, M. (2010). Differences between politically connected and nonconnected firms: A cross‐country analysis. Financial Management, 39(3), 905-928.
Faccio, M., Masulis, R. W., & McConnell, J. J. (2006). Political connections and corporate bailouts. The Journal of Finance, 61(6), 2597-2635.
Fan, J. P., Wong, T. J., & Zhang, T. (2007). Politically connected CEOs, corporate governance, and Post-IPO performance of China's newly partially privatized firms. Journal of Financial Economics, 84(2), 330-357.
Fisman, R. (2006). Trade credit, financial intermediary development, and industry growth. Journal of Finance, 58(1), 353-374.
Godfrey, P. C., Merrill, C. B., & Hansen, J. M. (2009). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: An empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal, 30(4), 425-445.
Goldman, E., Rocholl, J., & So, J. (2013). Politically connected boards of directors and the allocation of procurement contracts. Review of Finance, 17(5), 1617-1648.
Gordon, M. J. (1971). Towards a theory of financial distress. The Journal of Finance, 26(2), 347-356.
Goss, A. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and financial distress. Proceedings of the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada, 29, 1-18.
Gu, X., Hasan, I., & Zhu, Y. (2019). Political influence and financial flexibility: Evidence from China.‏‏ Journal of Banking & Finance, 99, 142-156.
He, Y., Xu, L., & McIver, R. P. (2019). How does political connection affect firm financial distress and resolution in China?. Applied Economics, 51(26), 2770-2792.
Ho, C. R., & Chang, Y., (2012). CEO overconfidence and corporate financial distress.  25th Australasian Finance and Banking Conference 2012.
Hoi, C. K., Wu, Q., & Zhang, H. (2013). Is corporate social responsibility (CSR) associated with tax avoidance? Evidence from irresponsible CSR activities. The Accounting Review, 88(6), 2025-2059.
 Houston, J.F.,‏‏  Jiang, L.,‏‏ Lin, C., &‏‏  Ma, Y. (2014). Political connections and the cost of bank loans. Journal of Accounting Research, 52 (1), 193-243.
Huang, H., & Zhao, Z. (2016). The influence of political connection on corporate social responsibility evidence from Listed private companies in China. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1(1), 9.
Jantadej, P. (2006). Using the combinations of cash flow components to predict financial distress. The University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Kamalirezaei, H., Anvary Rostamy, A.A., Saeedi, A., & Khodaei Valeh Zaghard, M. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and bankruptcy probability: Exploring the role of market competition, intellectual capital, and equity cost. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 31(1), 53-63.
Khakzad Kahag, S., & Mokhtari, B. (2019). Investigating the relationship between social responsibility, financial crisis and bankruptcy probability with emphasis on companies' quality of earnings in Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of Accounting and Management Vision, 2(15), 101-118. [in Persian]
Kordestani, G., & Tatli, R. (2014). Assessing the Predictability of Bankruptcy Models (Comparing Early and Modified Models). Auditing Knowledge. 14(55), 51-70. [in Persian]
Lensberg, T., Eilifsen, A., & McKee, T. E. (2006). Bankruptcy theory development and classification via genetic programming. European Journal of Operational Research, 169(2), 677-697.
Lin, K. J., Tan, J., Zhao, L., & Karim, K. (2015). In the name of charity: Political connections and strategic corporate social responsibility in a transition economy. Journal of Corporate Finance, 32, 327-346.
Malekian, E., Salmani, R., & Shahsavari, M. (2016). Study of the relationship between governmental and institutional ownership with corporate social responsibility (Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange). Journal of Investment Knowledge, 5(17), 55-74. [in Persian]
Maranjory, M., and Alikhani, R. (2014). Social Responsibility Disclosure and Corporate Governance. The Iranian Accounting and Auditing Review, 21(77), 329-348.  [in Persian]
Matthiesen, M. L., & Salzmann, A. J. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and firms’ cost of equity: how does culture matter?. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management.
Minor, D., & Morgan, J. (2011). CSR as reputation insurance: Primum non nocere. California Management Review, 53(3), 40-59.
Muttakin, M. B., Mihret, D. G., & Khan, A. (2018). Corporate political connection and corporate social responsibility disclosures: A neo-pluralist hypothesis and empirical evidence. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 31(2), 725-744.
Poncet, S., Steingress, W., & Vandenbussche, H. (2010). Financial constraints in China: Firm-level evidence. China Economic Review, 21(3), 411-422.
Rahman, I. M. A., & Ismail, K. N. I. K. (2016). The effects of political connection on corporate social responsibility disclosure–evidence from listed companies in Malaysia.
Saboohi, N., & Mohamadzadeh, A. (2018). Investigating the relationship between social performance, ownership structure and corporate governance. A Quarerly Journal of Empirical Reasearch of Financial Accounting, 5(1), 127-151.[in Persian]
Salehinia, M., & Tamoradi, A. (2019). The effect of political connections on financing policies. Journal of Financial Accounting Research, 11(2), 39-60. [in Persian]
Setayesh, M.S., and Mansouri, S. (2014). The comparative investigation of corporate governance mechanisms in financial distressed and non financial distressed listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. Financial Research, 16(37), 99-112. [in Persian]
Shahab, Y., Ntim, C. G., & Ullah, F. (2019). The brighter side of being socially responsible: CSR ratings and financial distress among Chinese state and non-state owned firms. Applied Economics Letters, 26(3), 180-186.
Silva, J. C. D., Xavier, W. G., Gambirage, C., & Camilo, S. P. O. (2018). The influence of political connections on the cost of capital and the performance of companies listed on B3. BBR. Brazilian Business Review, 15(4), 317-330.
Suto, M. (2003). Capital structure and investment behaviour of Malaysian firms in the 1990s: A study of corporate governance before the crisis. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11(1), 25-39.
Vanwalleghem, D. (2017). The real effects of sustainable & responsible investing?. Economics Letters, 156, 10-14.
Wang, H., & Qian, C. (2011). Corporate philanthropy and corporate financial performance: The roles of stakeholder response and political access. Academy of Management Journal, 54(6), 1159-1181.
Wang, K., Zhang, H. M., Tsai, S. B., Wu, L. D., Xue, K. K., Fan, H. J., ... & Chen, Q. (2018). Does a board chairman’s political connection affect green investment? from a sustainable perspective. Sustainability, 10(3), 582.
Zhang, C. (2017). Political connections and corporate environmental responsibility: Adopting or escaping?. Energy Economics, 68, 539-547.