تاثیر ‌نابرابری ‌درآمد بر ردپای بوم‌شناختی در ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار ،گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه کردستان؛ کردستان، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه کردستان؛ کردستان، ایران

چکیده

نابرابری درآمد از کانال‌های مختلف از جمله تقاضای اجتماعی بر کیفیت محیط‌ زیست اثر می‌گذارد. نابرابری درآمد با تغییر ترجیحات مصرف کنندگان می‌تواند بر رفتارهای اقتصادی و محیط زیستی اثرگذار باشد. تا کنون در پژوهش‌های مختلفی که در اقتصاد ایران صورت پذیرفته است از انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای همانند دی اکسید کربن به عنوان پراکسی از تخریب محیط زیست استفاده نموده‌اند. اما این شاخص نمی‌تواند نماینده جامعی برای نشان دادن وضعیت محیط زیست باشد. ردپای بوم شناختی بیانگر یک شاخص جامع از فشارهای انسانی در محیط زیست است. با توجه به اینکه اخیرا آمار و اطلاعات مربوط به ردپای بوم شناختی منتشر شده است لذا در این پژوهش به بررسی اثر نابرابری درآمد بر ردپای بوم شناختی کشور ایران طی بازه زمانی 1399-1369 پرداخته شده است. بر پایه بررسی‌های انجام شده، ردپای بوم شناختی تحت تأثیر مقادیر دوره قبل از خود است و برای بررسی آن، باید از مدل پویا استفاده شود. بر این اساس برای بررسی دقیق موضوع از روش GMM سری زمانی استفاده شده است. نتایج تخمین مدل نشان داد که نابرابری درآمد تاثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر ردپای بوم شناختی دارد. بنابراین افزایش ضریب جینی می‌تواند باعث افزایش استفاده غیرپایدار و بیش از حد از منابع طبیعی شود و در نتیجه باعث افزایش ردپای بوم شناختی شود. همچنین تولید ناخالص داخلی، درجه آزادی تجاری و شهرنشینی بر ردپای بوم‌ شناختی نیز اثر مثبت و معنی‌داری دارند. سایر نتایج نشان داد که مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر بر ردپای بوم شناختی اثر منفی و معنی‌داری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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